Fitness or Optimal Physical Condition - Conceptual Delimitation
Keywords:
Fitness, physical condition, physical activity, physical exercises, health.
Abstract
In the elaboration of the paper, we started from the hypothesis that the definition of the fitness concept is important in order to determine then t[he objectives of the activity based on the use of its specific means. Following the elaboration of the theoretical study, we found that there are several opinions regarding fitness, which are explained by the different perspectives of approaching the concept, by the particularities of the socio-cultural evolution of contemporary societies, by the practices and policies thought for each cultural space, determined by standards of living, standards, but also by economic, social and cultural interdependencies. In this context, we have also been interested in the perception of the term in the Romanian space
In our approach we will go from the statements of some authors like Celeste Ulrich [48, 49] who defined Physical Fitness as: "the ability of the human body to function with force and liveliness, without exaggerated fatigue, with enough energy to enjoy leisure activities and to prevent physical stress. Muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance and vigor are the visible signs of physical condition”.
References
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[28] Lisitskaya T, Sidneva L. Fitness. Aerobica. Physical culture and sport. 2. Moscow: Federation of Aerobics of Russia; 2002. 216 p.
[29] Liuşnea CŞ. Alimentaţia sportivilor. [Athlete's nutrition]. Galaţi: Europlus; 2016, p. 150
[30] Liuşnea CŞ, Dorgan V. Observații privind înțelegerea conceptului de fitness și importanța acestuia la etapa actuală. [Comments on understanding the concept of fitness and its importance at the current stage]. Știința culturii fizice, Chișinău: USEFS. 1917; 27(1):110-115.
[31] Liuşnea CŞ. Haltere și culturism [Weightlifting and Bodybuilding]. Galați: Europlus; 2014, 178 p.
[32] Liuşnea CŞ. Refacerea in activitatea sportivă [Recovery in sport activity].Galaţi: Europlus; 2016. 206 p.
[33] Liuşnea CŞ. The comments on understanding the concept of Fitness and his importance at present. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2016; 14(4):72-78.
[34] Lupu GS. Study regarding the practicing of competitional fitness and the material resources of specialized units from Bacău City. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, Series IX: Sciences of Human Kinetics. 2018;11(60):51-57.
[35] Mac Dougall MJN, Davies CTM. Adaptative response of mammalian skeletal muscle to exercise with high loads. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1984; 52:139-155.
[36] Maguire JS. Fit for Consumption. Sociology and the Business of Fitness. London & New York: Routledge; 2008. 241 p.
[37] McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. 790 p.
[38] Moritani T. Training adaptations in the muscles of older men. In: Smith EL, Serfass RC (Eds.). Exercise and Aging, The scientific basis. Enslow: Hillside; 1981:149-166.
[39] Pate RR. A new definition of youth fitness. Physician Sports Med. 1983; 11:77–83.
[40] Puffenbarger R, Olsen E. Healthy lifestyle. Kiev: Olympic literature; 1999. 320 p.
[41] Rodríguez AD. El fitness esunestilo de vida. In Gimnasios y sociabilidad en una perspective acrítica, Memoria Académica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (FaHCE) de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. VIII. Jornadas de Sociología de la UNLP, Argentina; 2014. 3-15 p.
[42] Ruíz JR, Espana-Romero V, Ortega FB, Sjostrom M, Castillo MJ, Gutierrez A. Hand span influences optimal grip span in male and female teenagers. Journal of Hand Surgical American. 2006; 31(8):1367-1372.
[43] Sale DG. Neural adaptation to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988; 20(5):135-145.
[44] Șerban D. Superfit ‐ esențialul în fitness și culturism [Superfit‐essential in fitness and bodybuilding]. București: Runa; 2006, 380 p.
[45] Sharkey B, Gaskill S. Fitness and work capacity. 7thedition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2013. p. 445
[46] Thoday JM. Components of fitness. In Symposia of the Society for experimental biology. VII. Evolution, Cambridge University; 1953. p. 96-114.
[47] Torres J. La actividad física saludable y recreativa como forma de ocupación del ocio y tiempo libre. En actas del II Congreso Internacional de Educación Física y Diversidad. [Healthy and recreational physical activity as a form of occupation of leisure and free time. In the proceedings of the II International Congress on Physical Education and Diversity]. Murcia: Gymnos; 2001. 201-222 p.
[48] Travis JW, Callander MG. Wellness for Helping Professionals: Creating Compassionate Culture. Mill Valley: Wellness Associates Publications; 1990. p. 416
[49] Ulrich C. Physical Exercise, Microsoft Encarta Reference Library; 2000. 30 p.
[2] American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's health-related physical fitness assessment manual. 2ndEd. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
[3] Arnold SJ. Morphology, Performance and Fitness. American Zoologist. 1983; 23:347-361.
[4] Bosco C, Luhtanen P, Komi PV. A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping. Eur. J of Appl Physio. 1983; 50: 273-282.
[5] Bouchard C, Shephard RJ. Physical activity, fitness, and health: The model and key concepts. In Bouchard C, Shephard RJ, Stephens T. (Eds.).Physical activity, fitness, and health: International proceedings and consensus statement. Champaign, IL, England: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1994: 77- 88.
[6] Bucher CA, Prentice WE. Fitness for college and Life. Toronto: Mosby; 1985, 366 p.
[7] Bykov E. Sports medicine: the basics of medical and pedagogical control of those involved in physical culture and sports: functional tests and tests. Tutorial. Chelyabinsk; 2008. 109 p.
[8] Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports. 1985; 100(2): 126–131.
[9] Charette SL, McEvoy L, Pyka G, Snow-Harter C, Guido D, Wiswell RA, Marcus R. Muscle hypertrophy response to resistance training in older women. J Appl Physiol. 1991; 70(5): 1912 – 1916.
[10] Chumlea WC, Guo SS, Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Johnson CL, Heymsfield SB, Lukaski HC, Friedl K, Hubbard VS. Body composition estimates from NHANES III bioelectrical impedance data. Int J ObesRelatMetabDisord. 2002; 26(12):1596-1609.
[11] Clarke HH. (ed). Basic understanding of physical fitness. Physical Fitness Research Digest. 1971; 1(1).
[12] Colado JC. Fitness en lassalas de musculación. Barcelona: Inde. Colado Sánchez; 2018. 345 p.
[13] Colado JC. Fitness en lassalas de musculación. Barcelona: INDE; 1996. 345 p.
[14] Colibaba ED, Bota I. Jocuri sportive. Teorieşimetodică. [Sports Games. Theory and Methodology]. Bucharest: Aldin; 1998. 327 p.
[15] Corbin BC, Dowell LJ, Lindsay R, Tolson H. Concepts in physical education. 3rd. ed. Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown com; 1978. 320 p.
[16] Corbin Ch, Lindsey R. The ultimate fitness book. New York: Leisure Press;1984, 272 p.
[17] Cvejić D, Pejović T, Ostojić S. Assessment of physical fitness in children and adolescents. FactaUniversitatis Series Physical Education and Sport. 2013; 11(2):135-145.
[18] Dragnea A, Bota A. Teoriaactivităţilormotrice. [Theory of driving activities]. Bucharest: Didactic and Pedagogical Publishing House RA; 1999, 284 p.
[19] Dumitru G. Sănătate prin sport pe înțelesul fiecăruia. București: Federația Românăpentru ”Sportul pentru toți”; 1997. 88 p.
[20] Escalante Y. Actividad física, ejercicio físico y condición física en el ámbito de la salud pública. Revista Española de Salud Pública [Physical activity, physical exercise and physical condition in the field of public health. Spanish Journal of Public Health]. 2011; 85(4):325-328.
[21] Falls HB, Baylor AM, Dishman RK. Essentials of Fitness, 7thed. Philadelphia Saunders College, Holt, Rinehart and Winston; 1980. 180 p.
[22] Fiatarone A, Marks EC, Ryan ND, Meredith CN, Lipsitz LA, Evans WJ. High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians. JAMA. 1990 Jun 13; 263(22): 3029-3034.
[23] Fox EL, Matthews DK. Bases Physiologiques De L'entrainement. Paris: Vigot; 1984. 393 p.
[24] Hoeger WWK, Hoeger SA. Principles and labs for fitness and wellness. 9thEd. Belmont, CA: Thompson Wadsworth; 2013. 512 p.
[25] Howley E, Frenks B. Health Fitness Instructor’s Handbook. 3rdedition. Champaing, IL: Human Kinetic, Human Kinetics Pub.; 1997. 536 p.
[26] Katz J. Fitness Works, A blue print of lifelong fitness. Il Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.; 1988, 120 p.
[27] Kravitz L, Robergs RA. To be active or not to be active. IDEA Today. 1993; 11(3):46–53.
[28] Lisitskaya T, Sidneva L. Fitness. Aerobica. Physical culture and sport. 2. Moscow: Federation of Aerobics of Russia; 2002. 216 p.
[29] Liuşnea CŞ. Alimentaţia sportivilor. [Athlete's nutrition]. Galaţi: Europlus; 2016, p. 150
[30] Liuşnea CŞ, Dorgan V. Observații privind înțelegerea conceptului de fitness și importanța acestuia la etapa actuală. [Comments on understanding the concept of fitness and its importance at the current stage]. Știința culturii fizice, Chișinău: USEFS. 1917; 27(1):110-115.
[31] Liuşnea CŞ. Haltere și culturism [Weightlifting and Bodybuilding]. Galați: Europlus; 2014, 178 p.
[32] Liuşnea CŞ. Refacerea in activitatea sportivă [Recovery in sport activity].Galaţi: Europlus; 2016. 206 p.
[33] Liuşnea CŞ. The comments on understanding the concept of Fitness and his importance at present. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2016; 14(4):72-78.
[34] Lupu GS. Study regarding the practicing of competitional fitness and the material resources of specialized units from Bacău City. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, Series IX: Sciences of Human Kinetics. 2018;11(60):51-57.
[35] Mac Dougall MJN, Davies CTM. Adaptative response of mammalian skeletal muscle to exercise with high loads. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1984; 52:139-155.
[36] Maguire JS. Fit for Consumption. Sociology and the Business of Fitness. London & New York: Routledge; 2008. 241 p.
[37] McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. 790 p.
[38] Moritani T. Training adaptations in the muscles of older men. In: Smith EL, Serfass RC (Eds.). Exercise and Aging, The scientific basis. Enslow: Hillside; 1981:149-166.
[39] Pate RR. A new definition of youth fitness. Physician Sports Med. 1983; 11:77–83.
[40] Puffenbarger R, Olsen E. Healthy lifestyle. Kiev: Olympic literature; 1999. 320 p.
[41] Rodríguez AD. El fitness esunestilo de vida. In Gimnasios y sociabilidad en una perspective acrítica, Memoria Académica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (FaHCE) de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. VIII. Jornadas de Sociología de la UNLP, Argentina; 2014. 3-15 p.
[42] Ruíz JR, Espana-Romero V, Ortega FB, Sjostrom M, Castillo MJ, Gutierrez A. Hand span influences optimal grip span in male and female teenagers. Journal of Hand Surgical American. 2006; 31(8):1367-1372.
[43] Sale DG. Neural adaptation to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988; 20(5):135-145.
[44] Șerban D. Superfit ‐ esențialul în fitness și culturism [Superfit‐essential in fitness and bodybuilding]. București: Runa; 2006, 380 p.
[45] Sharkey B, Gaskill S. Fitness and work capacity. 7thedition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2013. p. 445
[46] Thoday JM. Components of fitness. In Symposia of the Society for experimental biology. VII. Evolution, Cambridge University; 1953. p. 96-114.
[47] Torres J. La actividad física saludable y recreativa como forma de ocupación del ocio y tiempo libre. En actas del II Congreso Internacional de Educación Física y Diversidad. [Healthy and recreational physical activity as a form of occupation of leisure and free time. In the proceedings of the II International Congress on Physical Education and Diversity]. Murcia: Gymnos; 2001. 201-222 p.
[48] Travis JW, Callander MG. Wellness for Helping Professionals: Creating Compassionate Culture. Mill Valley: Wellness Associates Publications; 1990. p. 416
[49] Ulrich C. Physical Exercise, Microsoft Encarta Reference Library; 2000. 30 p.
Published
2020-07-28
How to Cite
Liușnea, C. Ștefan. (2020). Fitness or Optimal Physical Condition - Conceptual Delimitation. LUMEN Proceedings, 12, 169-181. https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/sec-iasr2019/19
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