Conceptualizing Objectual Message
Abstract
This study is circumscribed to the science of communication. It aims to illustrate, exemplify, and conceptualize the idea of objectual message. The meta-analytical method and the comparative method are used. Two historical and one semiotic messages are examined. The first message is extracted from Herodotus's "Histories": in the form of a message, the Scythian kings send Emperor Darius a bird, a mouse, a frog, and five arrows. The second message is extracted from Cassius Dio's "Roman History": Decebalus sends Trajan a huge mushroom on which he wrote in Latin the advice to make way back and start peace talks. The third element is an analysis of Roland Barthes, in which he states that an object like "a scarf" constitutes a message with haptical meanings. From the comparison of the three messages, the characteristics of the objectual message are infered. In a related way, it is found that in practical order the objectual message is one of the most important types of message, along with the verbal message, the oral message and the written message.
References
[2] Laevers F. Understanding the world of objects and of people: Intuition as the core element of deep level learning. International Journal of Educational Research 1998. 29(1). pp. 69-86
[3] Maltese C. Semiologia del messaggio oggettuale. U. Mursia, 1970. (Engl. Semiotics of Objectual Message. U. of Mursia. 1970
[4] Hilgartner S. The social construction of risk objects: or how to pry open networks of risk. in J. F. Short and L. Clark, editors. Organizations, uncertainties, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press and risk 1992. pp. 39-54
[5] Fortino G, & Trunfio P. Internet of things based on smart objects. In G Fortino, P Trunfio, eds., Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2014.
[6] Mauss M. The gift: The form and reason for exchange in archaic societies. WW Norton & Company. 2000
[7] Caillé A. Anthropologie du don. Desclée de Brouwer. 2000
[8] Titmuss R. The Gift Relationship: from Human Blood to Social Policy. Random House: New York. 1971
[9] Steiner P. Organizational gift: gift at distance and circuits of commerce. Tempo Social 2017. 29(1). pp. 23-43
[10] Cheal D. The gift economy (Vol. 4). Routledge. 2015
[11] Saarinen R. God and the gift: an ecumenical theology of giving. Liturgical Press, 2005
[12] Osteen M. The question of the gift: essays across disciplines Routledge. 2013
[13] Rommetveit R. On message structure. Wiley. 1974
[14] Greene J. O. Message production: Advances in communication theory. Routledge. 2013
[15] Dillard, J. P. Goals-plans-actions theory of message production. In L. A. Baxter & D. O. Braithwaite (Eds.), Engaging theories in interpersonal communication: Multiple perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2008
[16] Kim M, Choi Y. Risk communication: the roles of message appeal and coping style. Social Behavior & Personality: an international journal. 2017. 45(5)
[17] Miller V.D., Levine K. J., & Mandhana D.M. Message Flow. The International Encyclopedia of Organizational Communication. 2017
[18] Knowlton S. W., & Berger C.R. Message planning, communication failure, and cognitive load: Further explorations of the hierarchy principle. Human Communication Research 1997(24). pp. 24-30
[19] Brown-Schmidt S., & Konopka A. E. Processes of incremental message planning during conversation. Psychonomic bulletin & review. 2015. 22(3). pp. 833-843
[20] Ślusarczyk B., Baryń M., Kot S. Tire Industry Products as an Alternative Fuel. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2016. 25(3)
[21] Dănciulescu D., & Colhon M. Systems of knowledge representation based on stratified graphs. Application in Natural Language Generation. Carpathian Journal of Mathematics. 2016. pp. 49-62
[22] Roloff M. E., & Wright C.N. Message Construction and Editing. In W. F. Eadie, Ed. 21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook. Vol 1. Sage. 2009
[23] Şahin R. Cross-entropy measure on interval neutrosophic sets and its applications in multicriteria decision making. Neural Computing and Applications, 28(5). 2017. pp. 1177-1187
[24] Speck P. S. The humorous message taxonomy: A framework for the study of humorous ads. Current issues and research in advertising. 1991. 13(1-2). p. 1-44
[25] Siminică M., Motoi A. G. & Dumitru A. Financial Management as Component of Tactical Management. Polish Journal of Management Studies. 2017. p. 15
[26] Chen J. & Ye J. Some Single-Valued Neutrosophic Dombi Weighted Aggregation Operators for Multiple Attribute Decision-Making. Symmetry 2017. 9(6). p. 82
[27] Šoltés, V., & Nováková, B. Assessment of Material Living Conditions by the Means of Integrated Indices in the Visegrad Group. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 13(1). 2016. pp. 157-167
[28] Ye J. Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Method Using Correlation Coefficients of Normal Neutrosophic Sets. Symmetry. 9(6). pp. 80. Ye, J. (2017). Bidirectional projection method for multiple attribute group decision making with neutrosophic numbers. Neural Computing and Applications. 28(5). 2017. pp. 1021-1029
[29] Eco U. A theory of semiotics (Vol. 217). Indiana University Press. 1976
[30] Dumitru A., Budica AB, & Motoi, A. G. Managerial-Systemic Profile of a Tourism Company. Polish Journal of Management Studies. 2016. 13(2). pp. 36-45
[31] Kant I. Critica raţiunii pure. Editura IRI: Bucuresti. 1994. p. 141. (Engl. Critique of pure reason. IRI Publishing House: Bucharest)
[32] Danciulescu D., Colhon M., & Grigoras G. Right-Linear Languages Generated in Systems of Knowledge Representation based on LSG. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience. 2017. 8(1). pp. 42-51
[33] Ali Taha V, Sirková M., & Ferencová M. The Impact of Organizational Culture on Creativity and Innovation. Polish Journal of Management Studies. 2016. 14(1). pp. 7-17
[34] Herodotus. Histories. Wordsworth Editions Limited: Hertfordshire. 1996. p. 350
[35] De Sanctis G. Il messagio figurato degli Sciti a Dario. Scriti Minori. 1947. pp. 281-283
[36] Cassius Dio. Delphi Complete Works of Cassius Dio (Illustrated). 2014. p. 9
[37] Deli I, & Şubaş Y. Some weighted geometric operators with SVTrN-numbers and their application to multi-criteria decision-making problems. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems. 2017. 32(1). pp. 291-301
[38] Barthes R. Romanul scriiturii. Editura Univers. Bucuresti. 1987. p. 221 (Engl. The Novel of Writing. Univers Publishing House: Bucharest)
Copyright (c) 2018 LUMEN Proceedings
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
© LUMEN Proceedings Series 2022 . The LUMEN Proceedings Open Access volumes are distributed under the terms of the 